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http://www.samoyed.org/yamalsams.html

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During early part of 20th century, Russians did not pay serious attention to Northern aboriginal dogs of their country. Purebred local sled dogs and any of the mixes with non-aboriginal imports were used for pulling sleds. According to official census conducted in 1926-1927, total number of sled dogs in the entire Arctic region of Russia was 54,483. During those years, an idea about establishing sled pulling and reindeer herding breeds was discussed, but nothing serious had been done in this direction. Communist rulers in Moscow believed enthusiastically in a rapid technological progress to move the country forward into the 20th century. Dogs were considered as a vestige of the past and should be replaced by motor driven vehicles. Therefore, they simply ordered local magistrates to shoot dogs without a delay. In many places across Russian North this was executed in a brutal way. Dogs were tied to poles outside villages and shot. Luckily, they could not accomplish it everywhere primarily because of vastness and lack of accessibility of their northern territories.

After World War II, with the expansion of labor camps and industrial development in the Arctic regions of Russia, the identity of the remaining aboriginal dogs became threatened by influx of European breeds arriving with people. Among the imports, the German Shepherd, various hounds, Irish Setters and Spaniels were the most common. Purebred German Shepherds are poor sled pulling dogs as are the other domesticated breeds brought in. After a day of working in the harness they need a rest for a few days. For imported breeds, the environment is very harsh even in the summer, because of attacks by mosquitoes and black flies. However, mixes of aboriginal dogs with German shepherds and other breeds do well. To some extend, the harshness of life in the tundra serves as a natural protector for aboriginal dogs from genetic contamination.

In June-August, 1961, I traveled with a team of zoologists to the Yamal tundra, where I worked on my postgraduate project in ornithology. We spent about two months in Arctic Ural area and Southern parts of the Yamal Peninsula. I had an excellent opportunity to watch local dogs and ask local people about their dogs. Dogs were a common sight everywhere. Near cities, most of local dogs had traits of certain imported breeds, such as loose lips, lop ears, barrel-like chest, short legs, wavy hair and unusual coat colors. It seemed that people did not care what kind of dogs to harness for pulling sleds. Further from cities, however there were more uniformly Spitz-like medium to large size dogs. Nomadic people who live in this Arctic Ural area and Yamal Peninsula call themselves Nenets. In their language this means simply a human being. In old Russia, these people were called Samoyede (Samoyeds) that in the Russian language means literally self-eaters (cannibals). Because this term sounds derogatory, Russians began calling them "Nentsy", instead of "Samoyeds". In the Russian language, the aboriginal dog of the Nentsy is called the Nenets Deer Herding Laika. As we know, in USA and Europe, the term Samoyed stuck with a breed originated from the aboriginal population of dogs of Nenets people. Russians apply term Laika to all northern type dogs with pointed muzzle, prick ear and fuzzy coat. Street mongrels with a similar look would be also called Laika. Laika is a frequent name given to mutts kept as pets. Thus, the first dog sent in Sputnik was a smallish female mutt with partly lop ears was named Laika. Although this dog had nothing in common with any of the aboriginal dogs of Russia, her personal name "Laika" gave reason for erroneous information that Russians used Laikas in their space research programs disseminated in the Internet and in some printed publications.


During early part of 20th century， Russians did not pay serious attention to Northern aboriginal dogs of their country。 Purebred local sled dogsand any of the mixes with non-aboriginal imports  were used for pulling sleds。 According to official census conducted in 1926-1927, total number of sled dogs in the entire Arctic region of Russia was 54,483. During those years, an idea about establishing sled pulling and reindeer herding breeds was discussed，but nothing serious had been done in this direction.． Communist rulers in Moscow believed enthusiastically in a rapid technological progress to move the country forward into the 20th century. Dogs were considered as a vestige of the past and should be replaced by motor driven vehicles. Therefore, they simply ordered local magistrates to shoot dogs without a delay.In many places across Russian North this was executed in a brutal way.  Dogs were tied to poles outside villages and shot. Luckily, they could not accomplish it everywhere primarily because of vastness and lack of accessibility of their northern territories.

在２０世纪早期的时候,俄国人并没有对他们本地的土著狗狗注意太多．纯种当地雪橇狗以及任何从外界引进来杂交过的狗狗（在当地）是用来拉雪橇的.依据１９２６－２７年的官方人口普查数据，在整个俄属北极圈土地上雪橇犬的总量是５４４８３条．在那些年间，一个关于培育一种又能拉雪橇又能牧鹿的品种想法产生了,并被经常拿出来讨论，但是他们那个时候只停留在理论阶段，并没有真正实施什么。莫斯科的共产主义统治者相信科技大跃进可以帮助国家提前进入２０世纪。而狗则是守旧的符号，是应该被摩托车，汽车取代的。因此，他们只是简单的命令了当地的地方官员立即射杀狗狗。在俄北方的很多地区，这样的指令得到了残忍的执行。靠近波兰外部的村庄的狗狗大部分被杀。幸运的是，因为北方大地过于广袤，仍旧有很多狗狗存留了下来。

（个人翻译，才疏学浅，时间仓促。特地保留原文，不对地方，请多多指正。）